The early 2014 Cephalonia (Ionian Sea, western Greece) earthquake sequence comprised two main shocks with almost the same magnitude (Mw 6.0) occurred successively in short time (January 26, February 3) and space (western Cephalonia, Paliki peninsula). Many earthquake environmental effects (EEE) were induced by both earthquakes in Paliki and classified into primary and secondary. The primary EEE included permanent ground dislocation induced by tectonic uplift and subsidence as well as surface ruptures. The secondary EEE included ground cracks, slope movements, liquefaction and hydrological anomalies. Based on the associated co-seismic surface ruptures, it is concluded that each earthquake was generated onshore by the rupture of a different pre-existing active fault zone in Paliki and produced different co-seismic surface rupture zones. Co-seismic surface rupture structures were strike-slip-related structures including V-shaped conjugate surface ruptures, dextral and sinistral strike-slip surface ruptures, restraining and releasing bends, Riedel structures, small-scale bookshelf faulting and flower structures. From the comparison of all available data including field geological observations, interferometric products and seismological data with the earthquakes effects, it is concluded that there is a strong correlation among the active faults, the detected displacement discontinuities and the spatial distribution of the EEE in the affected area.